Sharma, Sapna
Dong, Qiuling
Haid, Mark
Adam, Jonathan
Bizzotto, Roberto
Fernandez-Tajes, Juan J.
Jones, Angus G.
Tura, Andrea
Artati, Anna
Prehn, Cornelia
Kastenmüller, Gabi
Koivula, Robert W.
Franks, Paul W.
Walker, Mark
Forgie, Ian M.
Giordano, Giuseppe
Pavo, Imre
Ruetten, Hartmut
Dermitzakis, Manolis
McCarthy, Mark I.
Pedersen, Oluf
Schwenk, Jochen M.
Tsirigos, Konstantinos D.
De Masi, Federico
Brunak, Soren
Viñuela, Ana
Mari, Andrea
McDonald, Timothy J.
Kokkola, Tarja
Adamski, Jerzy
Pearson, Ewan R.
Grallert, Harald
Funding for this research was provided by:
DIRECT (FP7/2007-2013)
Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)
Article History
Received: 28 February 2024
Accepted: 29 July 2024
First Online: 30 September 2024
Acknowledgements
: We extend our gratitude to the IMI-DIRECT study participants who willingly participated in phenotyping as well as to the clinical and technical staff across European study centres for their contributions to participant recruitment and clinical assessment. This publication’s development has been supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 115317 (DIRECT), with resources derived from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies’ in-kind contributions. Special thanks go to the study centre team, L. M. 't Hart, F. Rutters, J. Vangipurapu and T. H. Hansen, for providing internal review on this manuscript.
: Access to the molecular and clinical raw data, as well as the processed data, is restricted. This is in accordance with the informed consent provided by study participants, the various national ethical approvals obtained for the study, and compliance with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Individual-level clinical and molecular data cannot be transferred from the centralised IMI-DIRECT repository. Requests for access will receive guidance on accessing data through the DIRECT secure analysis platform after submitting an appropriate application. The IMI-DIRECT data access policy and additional information about the IMI-DIRECT research consortium’s initiatives and activities can be found at .Code used for MR in the study is included as .
: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. We would like to thank Helmholtz Munich, German Diabetes Center (DZD) for their support in current research and China Research Council (CRC) funding for a PhD student hosted by Helmholtz Munich.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: SS, QD, MH, JA and HG conceptualised the analysis plan. RWK, PWF, MW, IF, GG, IP, HR, MD, MM, OP, JS, KT, FDM, SB, AV, AM, TM, TK, JA, EP and HG were involved in conception and design of the DIRECT study. SS, QD, MH, JA, GK, AA, CP, RB, JFT, AJ and AT were involved in the data acquisition, pre-processing and interpretation of data. SS organised inclusion of outlined sections and, along with QD, wrote the original draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to drafting the article or critically revising it for significant intellectual content and have provided approval to the final version to be published. SS and HG are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.