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Article History

Received: 29 May 2024

Accepted: 30 August 2024

First Online: 7 November 2024

Acknowledgements

: The authors thank all the participants and investigators of the HKDB for their contributions, and the medical and nursing staff of the diabetes centres involved for their professional input and support. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the ADA's 83rd Scientific Sessions in 2023.

: The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author (RCWM) upon reasonable request.

: The measurement of NT-proBNP in the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank was supported by an investigator-initiated grant from Roche Diagnostics (Hong Kong) Limited (to RCWM). Additional support for the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank and this project came from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (CU R4012-18), the Research Grants Council Theme-based Research Scheme (T12-402/13N), the Focused Innovation Scheme, the University Research Grants Matching Scheme and a Croucher Foundation Senior Medical Research Fellowship. The funding sources did not have any role in the design, interpretation of the study results, or the decision to publish the results.

: JCNC received consultancy fees or speaker honoraria from Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Hua Medicine, Lee Power Pharmaceuticals, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Viatris Pharmaceutical and Zuellig Pharma. JCNC is the Chief Executive Officer (pro bono) of the Asian Diabetes Foundation. APSK received consultancy fees, speaker honoraria and/or research grants from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nestle, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi and Zuellig Pharma. EC received speaker fees from Sanofi and Novartis, and institutional research funding from Sanofi, Medtronic Diabetes and Powder Pharmaceuticals, Inc. RCWM received research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics and Tricida, Inc. for carrying out clinical trials or studies, and from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck for speaker honoraria or consultancy in advisory boards. All proceeds have been donated to the Chinese University of Hong Kong to support diabetes research. RCWM is a member of the Editorial Board of Diabetologia. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: Funding acquisition and overall project support were provided by RCWM. Conception and design of the work was provided by RCWM and CKPL. RCWM, YH, ESHL, RO, ACWN, AOYL, WYS, CKPL and JCNC were responsible for data collection and project logistics. RCWM, CHTT, YH, ESHL, JNML, EC, APSK, CH, EGF, ACWN and CKPL conducted the data analysis or data interpretation. RCWM and CHTT drafted the manuscript. RCWM, CHTT, YH, ESHL, RO, JNML, EC, APSK, CH, ACWN, EGF, AOYL, WYS, CKPL and JCNC provided critical revisions and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the article to be published. RCWM is responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.