Eleftheriadou, Aikaterini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-8523
Riley, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-6524
Zhao, Sizheng S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-7353
Austin, Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-220X
Hernández, Gema https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-455X
Lip, Gregory Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-1626
Jackson, Timothy L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-1555
Wilding, John P. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-8404
Alam, Uazman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-1122
Article History
Received: 16 September 2024
Accepted: 4 October 2024
First Online: 7 November 2024
Authors’ relationships and activities
: PA and GH are employees of TriNetX. UA has received honoraria from Viatris, Grünenthal, Eli Lilly, Procter & Gamble for educational meetings, and has received investigator-led funding form Proctor & Gamble. UA has received sponsorship for educational meetings from Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi. GYHL is a speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo and Anthem. No fees are received personally. He is also a co-principal investigator of the AFFIRMO project on multi-morbidity in atrial fibrillation, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 899871. TLJ is a consultant to 2CTech, Alcon, Dutch Ophthalmic Research Centre, iLumen, Opthea, Outlook Therapeutics, Oxurion, Pfizer, Regeneron and Voiant. He has received conference support from Roche. He receives free equipment use for non-commercial trials from Zeiss, Oraya and LKC. His employer receives site payments for participants on commercial clinical trials of various eye conditions including diabetic retinopathy. JPHW reports: consultancy/advisory board work for the pharmaceutical industry contracted via the University of Liverpool (no personal payment) for Altimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytoki, Lilly, Napp, Novo Nordisk, Menarini, Pfizer, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Saniona, Tern and Shionogi; research grants for clinical trials from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk; and personal honoraria/lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Napp, Novo Nordisk and Rhythm. JPHW is the past president of the World Obesity Federation, and a member of the Association for the Study of Obesity, Diabetes UK, EASD, ADA, Society for Endocrinology and the Rank Prize Funds Nutrition Committee. From 2009–2024 he was national lead for the Metabolic and Endocrine Speciality Group of the UK NIHR Clinical Research Network. All other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: AE drafted and UA revised the response. All authors reviewed the final text, provided input and agreed to its publication. All authors approved the version to be published.
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