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Article History

Received: 6 May 2024

Accepted: 13 October 2024

First Online: 8 November 2024

Data availability

: The authors declare that the raw data used in the manuscript are not publicly available to share due to data user agreements in place with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Raw data may be acquired individually through the CMS.

: This study was conducted with the support of a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; 1R01HL163163).

: EW is an employee of Daiichi Sankyo. CVD is the principal investigator on grants from the NHLBI (1R01HL163163) and JDRF (3-SRA-2022-1257-S-B) and reports consulting fees from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Takeda. EP has received research grants from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (DB-2020C2-20326) and the US FDA (5U01FD007213) that are not related to the topic of this work. She is the principal investigator on a research grant to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim that is not related to the topic of this work.

: All authors were involved in the conception, design and conduct of the study. All authors were involved in the interpretation of the results. EW and CVD wrote the first draft of the manuscript and all authors edited, reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. EW and CVD are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.