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Article History

Received: 16 July 2024

Accepted: 10 October 2024

First Online: 5 December 2024

Acknowledgements

: We thank T. Myint and members of the Brusko Laboratory at the University of Florida Diabetes Institute for discussions and technical assistance. We also appreciate the IGRP204-214-BUV395 tetramers, kindly provided by B. Fife and J. Spanier (University of Minnesota). We thank B. Roldan-Martinez and H. Bonanno (University of Florida) for mouse breeding and husbandry. We also thank the UF Molecular Pathology Core for pancreas processing and the UF Center for Immunology and Transplantation (CIT) for spectral flow cytometer and cell sorter access.

: The single-cell sequencing data generated for this study can be found in the GEO repository, with the accession number GSE254403.

: Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health through the support of grants to TMB (NIH R01 DK106191), PT (NIH F30 DK128945) and RB (NIH R35 GM146895). Additional support was provided by the Diabetes Research Connection (DRC 45) and the JDRF (now known as Breakthrough T1D) to MRS (3-PDF-2022-1137-A-N), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to LDP (11-23-PDF-78).

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: MEB contributed to the conceptualisation, supervision and coordination of the study and the design of the methodology, conducted the investigation, implemented the bioinformatics and statistical analyses, curated the data generated, composed the figures and wrote the manuscript. PT contributed to the conceptualisation, supervision and coordination of the study and the design of the methodology, conducted the investigation, composed the figures and helped acquire funding for the research. LDP contributed to the investigation and the implementation of bioinformatics analyses and helped acquire funding for the research. EJK, SV and LKS contributed to the investigation. ALP contributed to the conceptualisation, supervision and coordination of the study. MAB contributed to the design of the methodology and the investigation. MRS contributed to the conceptualisation and supervision of the study and the design of the methodology and helped acquire funding for the research. CEM contributed to the design of the methodology and provided access to the NIT-1 cell line and NOD-AI4 mouse strain. RB contributed to the bioinformatics and statistical analyses and the validation of the research and curated the data generated. TMB contributed to the conceptualisation, supervision and coordination of the study and the design of the methodology and helped acquire funding for the research. TMB is the guarantor of this work and, as such, has full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors discussed the findings, contributed to the writing and approved the submitted version.