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Article History

Received: 13 August 2024

Accepted: 29 October 2024

First Online: 19 December 2024

Acknowledgements

: We thank Z. Dong (Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China) for the MS1 cells. We would also like to thank the Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center for its help with the experiments.

: The scRNA-seq and RNA-seq datasets are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using the accession number GSE278860 and GSE278861, respectively.

: This work was supported by the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University (no. 922-001003130185RC to TX), Jinan ‘20 New Universities’ Funding Project (no. 202228015 to TX), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024QC364 to FLL) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200635 to RH).

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: TX and RH were responsible for the study design and overall project management. KZ directed the study and contributed to the data analyses. FL, YM, HL, WW and RW contributed to the cell and animal experiments, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. FL and RH performed the data analysis, drafted the manuscript and edited the final manuscript. TX, RH and KZ revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version to be published. TX and RH are the guarantors of this work.