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Article History

Received: 28 August 2023

Accepted: 29 May 2024

First Online: 19 February 2025

Acknowledgements

: The analyses performed in this manuscript were carried out using computational resources of the Joint High Performance Computing Exchange (JHPCE) maintained by the Department of Biostatistics at the Johns Hopkins University. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions.

: ARIC data can be requested from the ARIC Coordinating Center. Summary statistics of candidate CpG sites and significant findings from this study are available in ESM tables.

: The analyses performed in this study were partly funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant R21DK125888 (SV, DR) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant R35GM150836 (DR). The ARIC study has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract nos 75N92022D00001, 75N92022D00002, 75N92022D00003, 75N92022D00004 and 75N92022D00005. Funding was also supported by 5RC2HL102419 and R01NS087541. The study sponsor/funder was not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.

: SV completed this work as a full-time student at Johns Hopkins University, and was employed at Schrödinger, Inc., New York, at the time of revision. ES is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia . The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: SV and DR contributed to conception of this work. All authors contributed to the design of this work. JSP, EB, MF and ES contributed to acquisition of data. SV performed all analyses, validation and visualisations of data. SV, JSP and DR contributed to analysis plan and interpretation of data. SV wrote the first draft of this article. All authors reviewed the article critically for important intellectual content and provided final approval of the version to be published. SV and DR are responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.

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