Xiao, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-1178
Feng, Qiuyu
Rutter, Martin K.
Albalak, Gali
Wang, Heming
Noordam, Raymond
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dutch Research Council
National Institute of Health
Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 5 December 2024
First Online: 21 February 2025
Data availability
: All datasets used in this analysis are publicly available from the NHANES website ().
: The work is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL165369 and R01HL153814) and the National Institute of Aging (R01AG063946), as well as a grant from the Dutch Research Council (NWO: Dutch National Research Agenda ‘Research along routes by consortia, 2021–2026: BioClock, the circadian clock in modern society’).
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: QX and RN were responsible for the study concept and design. QX performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. All authors were responsible for interpretation of data and for critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and gave final approval of the version to be published. QX is the guarantor of this work, and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.