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Authors
Pitt, Matilda https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1266-1586
Olvera-Barrios, Abraham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-4465
Anderson, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-9742
Bolter, Louis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-8916
Chambers, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-4209
Warwick, Alasdair N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-2890
Mann, Samantha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-4501
Webster, Laura
Fajtl, Jiri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-5342
Barman, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-0169
Egan, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5593-1169
Tufail, Adnan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-7640
Rudnicka, Alicja R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-8574
Owen, Christopher G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-5977
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration South London
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
NHS Transformation Directorate and The Health Foundation, managed by the National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (AI_HI200008)
Wellcome Trust (224390/Z/21/Z)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2024
Accepted: 21 November 2024
First Online: 12 March 2025
Acknowledgements
: We thank N. Canavan, S. Devine and A. Mirza from the Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust information technology department for their support throughout this project.
: The North-East London and South-East London Diabetic Eye Screening Programme data are not publicly available because of restrictions on data sharing. A fully anonymised dataset is available from the programme upon reasonable request.
: This work is funded by Wellcome Collaborative Award 224390/Z/21/Z, the NHS Transformation Directorate and The Health Foundation, managed by the National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (AI_HI200008), and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration South London. CE is supported by the Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS Transformation Directorate, The Health Foundation, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. The study funders were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or writing the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding publication of the report.
: CE has received fees from Heidelberg Engineering, Inozyme Pharma and Boehringer Ingelheim. AT has received fees from Annexon, Apellis, Bayer, Genentech, Iveric Bio, Novartis, Oxurion, Heidelberg Engineering and Boehringer Ingelheim. The remaining authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: MP, AO-B, CGO, ARR, JA, AT and CE designed the study. JA, LB, RC, SM and LW acquired the data. MP, RC, JA, LW, SM and AO-B curated the data. MP, CGO and ARR undertook the statistical analyses. MP, AO-B, CGO, ARR, JA, RC, SM and LW had direct access to and verified the underlying data. MP wrote the first version of the manuscript. All authors interpreted the results and critically reviewed and edited the manuscript. MP and CGO had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All authors had access to the data and have approved the decision to submit for publication. CGO is the guarantor of this work.
