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Article History

Received: 25 August 2024

Accepted: 4 February 2025

First Online: 25 March 2025

Data availability

: This manuscript used data acquired from the Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP-RRID:SCR_016202) database (), a Human Islet Research Network (RRID:SCR_014393) consortium (UC4-DK-112217, U01-DK-123594, UC4-DK-112232 and U01-DK-123716).

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This work was supported by a JDRF Australia top-up scholarship to AK (SC4325), a National Health Medical Research Council grant (GNT2007991) to NMR, a Diabetes Australia General Grant to NMR (Y23G-ROGN) and to KG (Y21G-GHIK) and a Ramaciotti Foundation Health Investment Grant (2020HIG03) to NMR and KG.

: KG and NMR are named as inventors on a worldwide patent ‘Modulating insulin expression and production by targeting CD47’, publication no. WO/2022/087658. KG and NMR are not involved in any consulting services related to the current work. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: The study was conceptualised by NMR and KG. Experiments were performed by AK, MA, VC, SC, SMJ, PMM, KG and NMR. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by HR and EP. The methodology used was defined by AK, MA, KG and NMR. All authors were involved in data acquisition and analysis. The original draft of the manuscript was written by NMR, and all authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version. NMR is responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.