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Article History

Received: 14 November 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 18 June 2025

Acknowledgements

: The authors thank the Children's Diabetes Centre for the Seeding Grant, Telethon Kids Institute and all of the individuals that gave up their time to participate in the study. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Session in June 2024.

: Some or all of the datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This research has received financial support from the JDRF Global Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Research combined with a Research Matching Fund from the University of Western Australia (CRE – NHMRC/JDRF APP107190). Funding was provided from a Children’s Diabetes Centre Seeding Grant.

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: KJA made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the research, the acquisition of data and the analysis and interpretation of data, and drafted the manuscript. PAF supervised all aspects of the research, including the design and analysis of data, and contributed critically to the drafting and revision of the manuscript. SKM contributed to the study design and acquisition of data, and played an active role in critically reviewing and editing the manuscript. TWJ and EAD provided some input to the study design and played an active role in revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. KJA is the guarantor.