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Article History

Received: 7 February 2025

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 5 June 2025

Acknowledgements

: Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 91st EAS Congress in 2023, 21–24 May, Mannheim, Germany. The authors thank the study participants and research team. Food for the study was kindly supplied by Lavazza, Torino, Italy (decaffeinated coffee); Pompadour Te' S.r.l, Bolzano, Italy (green tea); Coop. Nuovo Cilento S.c.r.l, San Mauro Cilento, Salerno, Italy, and Carapelli Firenze S.p.A, Italy (EVOO); Orogel S.p.A. Consortile, Cesena (FC), Italy (frozen vegetables); Conserve Italia Soc. Coop. Agricola, San Lazzaro di Savena (BO), Italy (tomatoes and legumes); and Aziende Campobasso S.r.l, Valenzano (BA), Italy (nuts).

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. This study was supported by the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery of the Federico II University.

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: GC, GDP, AAR, GA and LB designed the study protocol. GC, DS, GDP and LB conducted experiments and acquired and analysed data. GC, DS and GDP wrote the first draft of the report. GA, LB and AAR provided relevant intellectual contribution to the interpretation of data. VB, AS, and MS were responsible for magnetic resonance techniques (acquisition of images and results elaboration). DS, RT and GC analysed blood samples. MV was responsible for the dietary assessment. All coauthors commented on the manuscript and agreed with the manuscript results and conclusions. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. GC is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.