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Authors
Deng, Yuzhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-5970
Tam, Claudia H. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-0013
Yang, Aimin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-1762
Shi, Mai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-3268
Yuen, Lai Yuk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1077
Ng, Noel Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-7113
Tsang, Atta Y. T. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4132-7084
Tsoi, Kit Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-0417
Ozaki, Risa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-0560
Li, Albert M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-477X
Chow, Elaine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-3387
Hui, Lai Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0688-3329
Chan, Juliana C. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1194
Wang, Chi Chiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-7278
Tam, Wing Hung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-740X
Ma, Ronald C. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-803X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, China (CUHK 14102719, CUHK 14118718, CUHK 471713, CUHK 473408)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. R01-HD34243)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant no. R01-HD34242)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 31 March 2025
First Online: 17 June 2025
Acknowledgements
: The authors of the present study would like to thank the participants, researchers and others engaged in the Hong Kong HAPO study. YD acknowledges support from the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the EASD meeting in 2024.
: Data collected for the study will not be made available to others.
: This work was partially funded by the University Grants Committee Research Grants Matching Scheme. The follow-up of the HAPO study at the Hong Kong field centre was supported by the General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, China (CUHK 473408, 471713, 14118718, 14102719). The HAPO study was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant no. R01-HD34242) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. R01-HD34243). The funding sources do not have any role in the design or interpretation of the study or the decision to publish the results.
: RCWM is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: YD conceptualised the study, performed formal analysis, utilised software, created visualisations and wrote the original draft. CHTT contributed to conceptualisation, methodology and validation, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. AY and MS contributed to methodology and manuscript review. LYY, NYHN, AYTT, KYT, RO, AML, EC, LLH and JCNC all contributed to conceptualisation and manuscript review. CCW and WHT contributed to conceptualisation, investigation and method development, provided resources and reviewed the manuscript. RCWM led the conceptualisation, investigation and methodology development, provided resources, contributed to the original draft, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. RCWM is the guarantor of this work, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
