Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 November 2024

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 16 August 2025

Acknowledgements

: The authors would like to thank C. Granado, D. Mueller Borer and S. Abraham (University Hospital Basel, Switzerland) for their precious assistance in performing the study coordination, the study visits locally and data acquisition in Basel; I. Rosicky and J. Blaetter (Medical University of Vienna, Austria) for the study visits and data acquisition in Vienna; and M. Kreft (University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland). We also thank S. Rossi (University Hospital Basel, Switzerland) for performing the data analysis in the prenatal laboratory in Basel. We would also like to thank P. Husslein and W. Eppel (Medical University of Vienna, Austria) for supporting the study in Vienna. We offer special thanks to all families who participated in this study. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 59th Annual Meeting of the EASD in 2023.

: Data are available on request from the corresponding author.

: Open access funding provided by University of Basel. This research was funded by the Swiss National Science Fund [SNSF grant number 173061], the Diabetes Society Basel, Switzerland, and the Gottfried and Julia Bangerter-Rhyner-Foundation, Bern, Switzerland. The researchers were independent from the funders. The funders did not influence the analysis of data, the decision to publish or submission of the manuscript.

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: EAH and IH made substantial contributions to the conception of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by CSG. CSG prepared tables and figures. EAH and CSG drafted the manuscript together. CSG, ASR, MK, MTB, TF contributed to acquisition and interpretation of the data and critically reviewed the content. HJ-B, LW, ED, HS, DE, GK, NO-K, EB, BW and AT helped with acquisition of the data and made important contributions to interpretation and critically reviewed the content. All authors have given final approval of the version to be published. EAH and IH accept full responsibility for the work and the conducted study. As corresponding author, EAH attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted. LV, SVvB and GS performed the main biomarker analyses in the prenatal laboratory in Basel, Switzerland, HS performed the glycated fibronectin point-of-care device analyses in Hamburg, Germany (data not shown). All authors had full access to all the data (including statistical reports and tables) in the study, critically reviewed the content, and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. EAH is the guarantor of the study, had full access to all the data in the study, takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis, and controlled the decision to publish. EAH affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study being reported, that no important aspect of the study has been omitted, and that any discrepancies from the original study protocol if relevant have been explained.