Zhao, Lue Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-7165
Papadopoulos, George K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-6591
McFarland, Benjamin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-6670
Skyler, Jay S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-8110
Parikh, Hemang M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-6709
Kwok, William W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-4599
Lybrand, Terry P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-104X
Bondinas, George P.
Moustakas, Antonis K. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9705-9526
Wang, Ruihan
Pyo, Chul-Woo
Nelson, Wyatt C.
Geraghty, Daniel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-5650
Lernmark, Åke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0499
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK132406)
Lund University
Article History
Received: 5 April 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Change Date: 19 September 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The trial ‘Randomised Diabetes Prevention Trial with Oral Insulin sponsored by TrialNet (TN07)’ was incorrectly attributed to the Immune Tolerance Network.
Change Date: 27 September 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-025-06557-6
Acknowledgements
: The authors would like to express appreciation to the Steering Committee of TN07 in TrialNet for approving our request to access DNA samples and to thank the NIDDK-Central Repository for providing clinical data from both DPT-1 and TN07. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for critical and constructive comments that have substantially improved the quality and impact of this manuscript. We also thank the editorial staff for their careful editing and thoughtful rephrasing.
: Clinical data on participants in DPT-1 and TN07 can be obtained from the NIDDK-Central Repository ( ) following the formal approval process. Genotype data for HLA and KIR genes are available from the corresponding authors. Interested investigators are encouraged to contact the authors to collaborate.
: Open access funding provided by Lund University. The study was supported by a grant (R01 DK132406) from the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: LPZ, ÅL, GKP and BM researched and analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. JS, who led the DPT-1 trial, participated in interpretation of the results and manuscript preparation. HP was involved in reviewing data and participated in discussion of the results and manuscript preparation. WWK reviewed the manuscript and expanded on implications of the findings in the context of T cell signalling. TPL participated in data analysis, interpretation of results and manuscript preparation. RW, C-WP and WCN, led by DEG, were responsible for sequencing all immune genes and participated in data analysis and reviewing the manuscript. AKM and GPB participated in data analysis and reviewed the manuscript for publication. All authors reviewed the final draft and approved the final version for publication. LPZ and ÅL are guarantors of this work, had full access to all the data and take full responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis.