Petkovic, Marija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-5241
Leal, Ermelindo C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-9861
Sørensen, Anja E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-5376
Jørgensen, Per T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-5921
Wengel, Jesper T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-1009
Jersie-Christensen, Rosa R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-5322
Troelsen, Jesper T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-3267
Carvalho, Eugenia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-3632
Dalgaard, Louise T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-2775
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Regional Development Fund (Healthy Aging 2020-CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-N23)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF17SA0031406, NNF22SA0079901, NNF23OC0081177, NNF24OC0089436)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (DL57/2016/CP1448/CT0024, LA/P/0058/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440, UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020)
National Institute on Aging (5P30-AG028718)
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (Research Program in Microvascular Complications)
Roskilde University
Article History
Received: 11 October 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Acknowledgements
: We thank the staff of the Animal Facility at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, C. Persson for her dedicated and skilled technical expertise, and H. Jenssen for providing HaCaT cells. Some of the preliminary data were presented at the EASD in Barcelona (2019): and virtually (Vienna) in (2020): . The graphical abstract and Fig. c were created with BioRender.com (Petkovic, M. (2025) ; M. (2025) ).
: The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD060087.
: Open access funding provided by Roskilde University. This work was supported by a research grant from the Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy, funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, grant number NNF22SA0079901 and the Novo Nordisk grant NNF24OC0089436 to MP; the Danish Diabetes Academy, funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, grant number NNF17SA0031406 to AES; the Novo Nordisk Foundation, grant number NNF23OC0081177 to LTD; the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), grant number DL57/2016/CP1448/CT0024 to ECL; the National Institute on Aging (USA), grant number 5P30-AG028718 to EC; the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD), European Research Program in Microvascular Complications in Diabetes supported by Novartis to EC and LTD; the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme project Healthy Aging 2020-CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-N2323 and the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation/FCT projects: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440, UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020 to CIBB’s Associate Laboratory, University of Coimbra.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: LTD, EC, ECL and MP conceived the ideas for the study. MP wrote the manuscript and researched data; ECL and AES researched data and reviewed/edited the manuscript. JTT, PTJ, JTW and RRJ-C researched data, and EC reviewed/edited the manuscript. LTD researched data and reviewed/edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. LTD and EC are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all data reported in the study, thus taking responsibility for the data integrity and the data accuracy.