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Phenotype of insulin-dependent diabetes in chronic undernutrition: beta cell stress and immune dysfunction—a rural sub-Saharan perspective on type 5 diabetes

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-025-06553-w

Published Online: 2025-09-29

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Trimble, Elisabeth R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-0415
Phillips, David I. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-8949
Balcha, Shitaye A.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-29

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-29
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Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Funding

: No funding was used for the preparation of this manuscript.

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias or be perceived to bias their work.

: ERT conceived and wrote the first draft of the manuscript and has continued to re-draft with input from DIWP. SAB has read and commented on each draft, with specific input on diabetes sub-types in SSA.

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