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Article History

Received: 18 March 2025

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 15 October 2025

Acknowledgements

: The PREVIEW Consortium would like to thank all study participants at each intervention site for their time and commitment, and all scientists, advisors and students for their dedication and contributions to the study. Specifically, we would like to thank E. Feskens (Wageningen University, the Netherlands), T. Larsen and P. Vestentoft (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) and W. Schlicht (University of Stuttgart, Germany).

: The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This study was funded by EU Framework Programme 7 (FP7/2007-2013, grant agreement number 312057), the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (EU Collaborative Grant, AUS 8, ID 1067711), the Glycemic Index Foundation Australia through royalties to the University of Sydney, the New Zealand Health Research Council (grant number 14/191), the University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund, the Danish Agriculture & Food Council, the Danish Meat and Research Institute, the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR BRC), the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Juho Vainio Foundation (Finland), the Academy of Finland (grant numbers: 272376, 314383, 266286 and 314135), the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Gyllenberg Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, University of Helsinki, Government Research Funds for Helsinki University Hospital, the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (Finland), the Emil Aaltonen Foundation (Finland), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant numbers 2023T00376 and 2023M743787), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82404349) and the China Talent Postdoctoral Researcher Program (Overseas). The Cambridge Weight Plan donated all products for the 8-week weight loss period. Nutritics (Dublin) donated all dietary analysis software used by the University of Nottingham. The study sponsors/funders were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or writing the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding publication of the report.

: IAM was a member of the UK Government Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, the Mars Scientific Advisory Council, the Mars Europe Nutrition Advisory Board, the Nestlé Research Scientific Advisory Board and the Novozymes Scientific Advisory Board, and was a Scientific Advisor to the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition until 2020. On 1 August 2020, he became Professor Emeritus at the University of Nottingham and took up the post of Scientific Director of the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences in Lausanne, Switzerland, which terminated in August 2022. SDP was the Fonterra Chair in Human Nutrition during the PREVIEW intervention. AR has received honoraria from the International Sweeteners Association, Nestlé and Unilever, and research funds from Novo Nordisk A/S. JB-M reports a relationship with the China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries that includes consulting or advisory roles, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. She also reports a relationship with the Novo Nordisk Foundation that includes consulting or advisory roles, and a relationship with Hachette Livre that includes being a co-author of books about the glycaemic index of foods and diabetes. She oversees a glycaemic index testing service at the University of Sydney. She was President of the Glycemic Index Foundation between 2002 and 2024. She is on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and the International Journal of Obesity and the scientific board of Zoe Global, a personalised nutrition company. The remaining authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: JB-M, RZ and AR contributed to conception and design of the present study. RZ and JG analysed the data and was responsible for the statistical considerations. RZ wrote the manuscript. MH-L, MS, GS, IAM, TH-D, SH, SN-C, SDP, MF, DM-U and JAM contributed to acquisition and interpretation of data, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors agreed that the accuracy and integrity of the work has been appropriately investigated and resolved, and all approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors had full access to all the data associated with this study. All authors had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The corresponding author JB-M attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria, and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted. JB-M and RZ are the guarantors of this work, and, as such, had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data. RZ and JG take responsibility for the accuracy of the data analysis.