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Authors
Kuusela, Salla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-3089
Koskenniemi, Jaakko J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-3325
Valtanen, Toni
Pokka, Tytti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-5885
Härkönen, Taina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-224X
Ilonen, Jorma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-2062
Lempainen, Johanna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-1468
Kyrönniemi, Anni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0065-7531
Toppari, Jorma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-334X
Knip, Mikael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-0033
Keskinen, Päivi
Veijola, Riitta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-270X
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 18 February 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Acknowledgements
: All families participating in the DIPP study are acknowledged for their valuable contribution. The authors also thank the personnel in the clinical DIPP study centres, and in the immunogenetics and autoantibody laboratories, for their contribution to the success of the DIPP study. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 59th EASD Annual Meeting in 2023.
: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available for reasons of sensitivity but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: Open Access funding provided by University of Oulu (including Oulu University Hospital). This study was supported by the Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland, the Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland (grant number 985-531d8) and the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Tampere, Finland (grant number 6f9f1b). The DIPP study is supported by the following grants: Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF) (grants 1-SRA-2016-342-M-R, 1-SRA-2019-732-M-B, 3-SRA-2020-955-S-B and 3-SRA-2023-1433-S-B), the European Commission (grant BMH4-CT98-3314), the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (grant G-2205-05255), the Academy of Finland (decision number 292538), the Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012–2017 (decision number 250114), the Special Research Funds for University Hospitals in Finland, the Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finland. Open access funding provided by University of Oulu.
: Riitta Veijola is a member of the Editorial Board of Diabetologia . The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: SK and RV conceptualised the study design. SK, JJK, TV, TH, JI, JL, AK, JT, MK, PK and RV acquired the data. SK, TP and RV analysed the data. SK, JJK, TP and RV interpreted the data. SK, TP, PK and RV drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in revising the manuscript and approved the final version. SK and RV are the guarantors of this work.
