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Article History

Received: 14 April 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 20 November 2025

Acknowledgements

: We thank the staff of the Lions Eye Bank (Perth, WA, Australia) for provision of human donor tissue.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available for reasons of sensitivity regarding human donor details, but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data are located in controlled-access data storage at the Lions Eye Institute (Perth, WA, Australia).

: The study was funded by the Stan Perron Charitable Foundation (Perth, WA, Australia). The study sponsor was not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or writing the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.

: CB is a consultant to and has served on advisory boards for Allergan, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Apellis and Astellas Pharmaceuticals. He receives research support from Bayer and Roche. The remaining authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: MH was involved in conceptualisation of the study, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, software development, validation and visualisation, and took the lead in writing the original draft as well as reviewing and editing the manuscript. HQ contributed to the methodology, investigation and drafting and review of the manuscript. PY provided supervision and project administration and was involved in the conceptualisation of the study, the methodology and reviewing and editing the manuscript. AM contributed resources and software, contributed to the methodology and participated in writing, reviewing and editing the manuscript. D-YY contributed to the conceptualisation of the study and methodology, writing, reviewing and editing the manuscript, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition, and provided resources. CB was involved in the conceptualisation of the study, writing the original draft and reviewing and editing the manuscript, and also contributed to supervision, project administration and funding acquisition and provided resources. All authors approved the final manuscript for publication. MH is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.