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Authors
Gao, Jing-li https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-8582
Deng, Hua https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8694-1051
Wang, Guo-Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8999
Deng, Hui-ling
Feng, Dong-Yi
Wu, Shou-ling
Chen, Shuo-hua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-3914
Zhou, Yan-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-1229
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
First-class discipline innovation-driven talent program of Guangxi Medical University
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2023JJB140466)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404393)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82560671)
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Acknowledgements
: The authors thank all the survey teams of the Kailuan study group for their contribution and the study participants who contributed their information.
: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: YFZ was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404393 and 82560671), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 2025GXNSFDA04240001 and 2024GXNSFBA010214) and the First-class discipline innovation-driven talent program of Guangxi Medical University.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: YFZ and SC had full access to all of the data in the study and took responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. YFZ, SC, JG and HD designed the research; JG, HD and GDW analysed the data; all authors contributed to data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; JG drafted the manuscript; all authors revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the manuscript; YFZ and SC have primary responsibility for final content and are the guarantors of this work.
