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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 26 September 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Acknowledgements

: We thank A. Maugein (Institute Cochin, Paris, France) for technical assistance. Part of this work was carried out in the ICV-Vectorology department of ICM. We gratefully acknowledge B. Bonnamy and S. Laoues (ICM Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Paris, France) for cloning and production of the lentiviral vectors. We acknowledge C. Wright (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA) for sharing MNX1 antibodies.

: RNA sequencing data are available under GEO accession number GSE300606.

: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 874839, from the Laboratoire d’Excellence Consortium ‘Revive’ (Investissements d'Avenir ANR-10-LABX-73-01) and from the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (Stichting Diabetes Onderzoek Nederland [DON]).

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: FK and RS designed the study and drafted the article. PR and OA-C contributed to study conception and revision. FK acquired and interpreted the data. AF helped with data acquisition. All authors have read and revised the manuscript and approve the final version of the article. FK is the guarantor of this work.