Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 30 October 2025

First Online: 6 December 2025

Acknowledgements

: These data were presented at the 85th Scientific Sessions of the ADA in Chicago, USA, in June 2025.

: RNA-seq data are available from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGAP; ).

: Code for these analyses is available from .

: This work was supported by NICHD R01HD094150. Gen3G was supported by a Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS) operating grant (to M-FH, grant no. 20697), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grants (to M-FH, grant no. MOP 115071, and to LB, grant no. PJT-152989), Diabète Québec and an ADA Pathway To Stop Diabetes Accelerator Award (to M-FH, grant no. 1-15-ACE-26). The study sponsor/funder was not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or writing the report and did not impose any restrictions regarding publication of the report.

: CEP reports research funding from Dexcom to her institution, speaking fees from Medflix, honoraria from the ADA and royalties from Wolters Kluwer (UpToDate). The other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: CEP and M-FH conceptualised the project. FW and CA performed data analysis. CEP drafted the article. All authors contributed to interpretation of the data and reviewing and editing the article for intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the article for publication. M-FH is the guarantor of this work.