Westholm, Efraim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-8549
Karagiannopoulos, Alexandros https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-1065
Nielsen, Bibi U. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0622-5262
Shaw, James A. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-3211
Wendt, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-5979
Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-0155
Eliasson, Lena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5029
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2009-1039 (Strategic Research Area EXODIAB))
Vetenskapsrådet (2019-01406 (Project grant Lena Eliasson))
Vetenskapsrådet (2024-03597 (Project grant Lena Eliasson))
Direktör Albert Påhlssons Stiftelse
Diabetesfonden (DIA2022-723)
Stiftelsen Riksförbundet Cystisk Fibros Forskningsfond
UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust (CFRD SRC-019)
Svenska Diabetesstiftelsen
Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning (IRC15-0067)
Barndiabetesfonden
Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
Lund University
Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Acknowledgements
: We thank A.-M. Veljanovska-Ramsay, E. Cordero Concha, and M. Arnantonaki Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University, and F. Serifler, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Copenhagen, for technical assistance, and M. Svensson and F. To at the LUDC Sequencing Facility, Lund University. Thanks to R. Møller and D. Hass at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet for their help with the data collection. We acknowledge that a first manuscript of this study was included in the PhD student thesis by E. Westholm, Lund University, Westholm E (2024) Regulation of insulin secretion by local and circulating factors (ISBN: 978-91-8021-636-4) [Doctoral thesis, Lund university] Avaible from
: We cannot readily disclose microRNA sequencing, RT-qPCR or standard laboratory data at an individual level as this is a small participant group with potentially identifiable individuals.
: Open access funding provided by Lund University. This work was funded by the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust (CFRD SRC-019), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (IRC15-0067), the Swedish Research Council (project LE [2019-01406 and 2024-03597] and Strategic Research Area Exodiab [2009-1039]), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (LE; DIA2022-723), Barndiabetesfonden (LE), the Albert Påhlsson Foundation (AW), Riksförbundet Cystisk Fibros (EW), the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (EW) and Svenska Diabetesstiftelsen (EW). The positions of EW and BUN were supported by the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust (CFRD SRC-019). LE is a SciLifelab group leader.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: EW, AK, AW and LE designed the work. EW, AK, BUN and AW performed experiments and analysed data. EW, AK, BUN, JS, AW, DF-J and LE interpreted data. EW, AW and LE drafted the manuscript. All others critically reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. LE is the guarantor of this work.