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Article History

Received: 22 August 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 18 January 2026

Acknowledgements

: A. Chhabra was supported by funding from ADA Award I-17-ICTS-056 for interpretation of the MRI scans. The authors are grateful to clinical research coordinators J. Patel, V. Rhodes, S. Haldeman and K. Key, as well as S. Blacketer in the Parkland Hospital Pathology Lab, for their efforts in facilitating this project. The authors also thank all study participants for their contribution. The results of this study were presented at the 85 th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association in Chicago, IL, 20–23 June 2025.

: The data generated and analysed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: This work was supported in full by the American Diabetes Association Innovative Clinical or Translational Science Award #1-17-ICTS-056. The funding agency was not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report. Dr Öz is supported in part by the Robert W. Parkey, M.D. Distinguished Professorship in Radiology and the Wechun Pak Professorship in Bone Biophysics. 

: No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

: OKÖ, LAL and KB conceived the project. OKÖ, LAL and RWH contributed to the design of the study. PAC, ALK, AMS, KLR, HH, JL, OKÖ and LAL participated in the conduct of the study. RWH, AMS and OKÖ analysed and interpreted the results. OKÖ, AMS and LAL drafted the initial manuscript. All authors reviewed, edited and approved the final version of the manuscript. OKÖ is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.