Tokgöz, Sevilay https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7597-8170
Deden, Laura N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1243-5111
Hofboer, Adrianne
Meijer, Rick I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-5439
Hazebroek, Eric J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-3334
van Bon, Arianne C.
de Galan, Bastiaan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-7741
Tack, Cees J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-1653
Boss, Marti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-1803
Gotthardt, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-7744
Funding for this research was provided by:
Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Acknowledgements
: The authors would like to thank the technicians from the Department of Medical Imaging (Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) for their assistance with PET/CT imaging, and all the laboratory technicians from the Department of Medical Imaging for their efforts in the radiolabelling process. In addition, we would like to thank the diabetologists and bariatric surgeons from the Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery (Rijnstate hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands) for their support and advice. We express great gratitude to all the study participants for their valuable contribution. Some of the data were presented during an oral presentation at the Annual Dutch Diabetes Research Meeting 2024 in Wageningen, the Netherlands. In addition, this study was presented during a short oral discussion session at the EASD Annual Meeting 2025 in Vienna, Austria.
: Data are available on request from the authors.
: MG received institutional funding for this research from Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. RIM is supported by a Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation Senior Fellowship.
: BEG is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia but was not involved in handling the manuscript during the editorial process. All other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: LND, BEG, CJT, MB and MG contributed to the design of this study. ST, LND and AH were involved in the acquisition of data. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the acquired data. Data analysis, generation of all figures/tables and writing the original draft was performed by ST. All authors were involved in the review and editing process and approved the final version. The guarantor of this work is MG, who accepts full responsibility for the work. ST and MG had access to all data and take responsibility for its integrity.