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Authors
Bentzen, Julie Mie Mølgaard https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7677-4210
Brask-Thomsen, Peter Kolind https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-1394
Krogsbæk, Maiken https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-237X
Hu, Xiaoli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-6517
Nyengaard, Jens Randel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4646
Gylfadottir, Sandra Sif https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-4403
Karlsson, Pall https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-9576
Finnerup, Nanna Brix https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-0240
Olsen, Rikke Katrine Jentoft https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-5589
Nochi, Zahra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-1666
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lundbeck Foundation (R359-2020-2620)
Aarhus County Research Initiative
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14SA0006)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0052301)
Aarhus Universitet
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Acknowledgements
: Flow cytometry/cell sorting was performed at the FACS Core Facility, Aarhus University, Denmark.
: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: Open access funding provided by Aarhus Universitet. This study is supported by the Lundbeck Foundation (Grant R359-2020-2620, NBF), Aarhus County Research Initiative (RKJO) and the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0052301, PK). This work is part of the International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC) research program, which was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14SA0006).
: PK has, over the past 3 years, received honoraria from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Astra Zeneca and WinSanTor, outside the scope of this work. NBF has received consultancy fees from NeuroPN, Saniona, PharmNovo and Tris Pharma, and has undertaken consultancy work for Aarhus University with remunerated work for AKIGAI and Merz, all outside the submitted work. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: All authors meet the ICMJE uniform requirements for authorship and approved the final version of the manuscript. ZN, RKJO and NBF conceived the study and contributed to its design. JMMB planned and performed the cellular and mitochondrial experiments, including flow cytometry, and conducted data analysis. PKB-T and SSG contributed to clinical data acquisition and skin biopsy collection. PK, XH and MK performed in situ experiments, including intraepidermal nerve fibre density, Langerhans cell and macrophage quantification, and fibroblast/mitochondrial staining. JRN acquired and processed fibroblast cell size data. All authors contributed to data interpretation and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. ZN drafted the manuscript and is responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.
