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Authors
Sebraoui, Samy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-0055
Englund, Oskar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-6951
Nyberg, Fredrik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5668
Carlsson, Annelie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-3437
Korsgren, Olle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-9547
Forsander, Gun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-9651
Eeg-Olofsson, Katarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-4707
Eliasson, Björn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-4160
Carlsen, Hanne K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9624
Åkesson, Karin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-5094
Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-5581
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ALF Västra Götaland (ALFGBG-1005511)
Barndiabetesfonden (K8220019072)
Swedish Research Council (ALFGBG-1005511)
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 16 February 2026
Data availability
: The datasets analysed during the current study are not publicly available as they contain information about individual cases. The population datasets provided by SCB are available online in open-access: SCB population statistics, SCB municipality level, SCB grid cells.
: Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish Research Council (grant: 2020-01835), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (grant: ALFGBG-1005511) and Barndiabetesfonden (grant: K8220019072). The study funders were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.
: All authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: SS, SG, OE, FN and AC were responsible for the concept and design. All authors contributed to the analysis or interpretation of data. SS, SG and OE wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. SS, OE and HC performed the statistical analysis. All authors approved the final manuscript. SG obtained funding and is the guarantor of this work.
