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Authors
de Almeida, Martin E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-6137
Ørtenblad, Niels https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-4139
Platz, Amalie B.
Petersen, Maria H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1618
Højlund, Kurt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-4224
Nielsen, Joachim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-3094
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17SA0030962-1)
Odense Universitetshospital
Region Syddanmark (19/37137)
Syddansk Universitet
Savværksejer Jeppe Juhls og hustru Ovita Juhls Mindelegat
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF150C0015986)
Christenson-Cesons Familiefond
University of Southern Denmark
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Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 8 March 2026
Acknowledgements
: The authors thank Medical Laboratory Technologists L. Hansen and C. B. Olsen (Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Denmark) for their skilled technical assistance in clinical and metabolic testing. The authors also thank Medical Laboratory Technologists A. M. Rojek and S. H. Riggelsen (Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark) for their excellent technical assistance with TEM. Graphical abstract includes icons designed by Freepik and sourced from Flaticon.com.
: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
: Open access funding provided by University of Southern Denmark. This study was supported by a grant from Steno Diabetes Center Odense, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17SA0030962-1). Additional support was provided by the Region of Southern Denmark (19/37137), Odense University Hospital, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF150C0015986), the University of Southern Denmark, the Christenson Cesons Family Fund, and the Sawmill Owner Jeppe Juhl and wife Ovita Juhl Memorial Foundation.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: MEdA, MHP, KH and NØ conceptualised and designed the study. MHP recruited the participants and conducted the metabolic testing. MEdA supervised the training sessions and performed the assessments and DXA scans. MEdA acquired the TEM micrographs and, along with ABP, conducted the morphological analysis of mitochondrial cristae. MEdA, ABP, JN and NØ analysed and interpreted the data. MEdA prepared the figures, wrote the initial draft, and finalised the manuscript. JN and NØ provided supervision and contributed to manuscript drafts. All authors critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content, approved the final version, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. MEdA, JN and NØ are the guarantors of this work and take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole.
