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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 21 May 2026

Funding

: JVL acknowledges institutional support to ISGlobal from grant CEX2023-0001290-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the Generalitat de Catalunya, through the CERCA Programme. CDB is supported in part by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203319).

: JVL acknowledges grants to his institutions from Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Roche Diagnostics; consulting fees from Echosens, GSK, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Takeda; a paid leadership role at the Global NASH/MASH Council (ended); and honoraria for lectures from AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Prosciento, outside this work. CDB has received research funding from Echosens outside this work. CWS has received honoraria from Novo Nordisk and Sanofi for lectures on MASLD. M-HZ serves as a speaker for AstraZeneca, Hisky Medical Technologies and Novo Nordisk and as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim and Eieling Technology and has received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: All authors were responsible for drafting different sections of the article and for reviewing the whole article critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version to be published.