Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 December 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Acknowledgements

: We gratefully acknowledge the study participants for their participation in this study. In addition, this study would not have been possible without the assistance and enthusiastic support of the Massachusetts General Hospital inpatient units who participated in this study, and we express our sincerest appreciation to the clinical and nursing staff on Ellison 8, 10, 11, 12 and 19; Phillips 20, 21 and 22; Blake 6; Bigelow 7, 11, 13 and 14; White 8, 9, 10 and 11; and Lunder 7 and 8. We also thank Dexcom for assisting with retrospective reprocessing of CGM data to include calibrations. These data were presented at the New England Endocrine Alliance meeting in Westboro, MA, USA on 27 September 2025.

: Datasets containing deidentified data generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request beginning at the time of publication. Data will be shared with qualified investigators, including academic researchers, clinicians and other stakeholders with a scientifically sound proposal, where the proposed use of the data is consistent with the aims of the original study and the consent provided by participants. Following approval, a data use agreement will be required to ensure appropriate data security and confidentiality. Data will be shared in a deidentified format via a secure transfer method and may not be shared with third parties. Access may be subject to additional institutional or ethical restrictions to safeguard participant privacy.

: The study was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK grant R01DK119699-S1 and T32DK007028) and a Dexcom Investigator-Initiated Studies grant, which included in-kind support for sensors used for the study.

: MSP has received research funding and honoraria from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, serves as a consultant for Anagram Therapeutics, and has received honoraria from Sanofi. SJR is an employee and equity holder in Beta Bionics, Inc.

: KLF, AF and MSP researched data, contributed to discussion and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. AD, AA, BAS and SJR researched data and reviewed and edited the manuscript. KLF, AF, RL, WF, HZ and MSP analysed study data, contributed to the discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. MSP is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.