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Authors
Parr, Evelyn B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-6381
Charrouf, Rasha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-9087
Hutchison, Amy T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-4552
Flint, Steve A.
Teong, Xiao Tong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-0975
Vincent, Andrew D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-1070
Bravo-Garcia, Ana Paula https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1561-1970
Siviour, Zoe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-9979
Wittert, Gary A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-6065
Brennan, Leah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-5888
Devlin, Brooke L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9317-2351
Hawley, John A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-9881
Heilbronn, Leonie K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-7303
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF#1200555)
Adelaide University
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Acknowledgements
: We thank the members of the Data Safety Monitoring Committee (J. Gleeson [ACU] and R. Jalleh [Northern Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide University]), as well as previous staff (B. Harvey and M. Jackson). We thank all the trial participants. Exploratory outcomes of body composition were presented in a poster at the European Congress of Obesity (ECO; Malaga, Spain) on 13 May 2025. Primary outcomes were orally presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD; Vienna, Austria) on 18 September 2025.
: Anonymised data from this study are available on request from the corresponding author for 36 months from date of publication with a full research plan for academic use only. The data are not publicly available as they contain information that could compromise research participant consent.
: This research was funded by the Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF 1200555). The Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: EBP, ATH, BLD, ADV, GAW, LB, JAH and LKH contributed to the concept and design of the research. EBP, ATH, BLD, JAH and LKH obtained funding. EBP, ATH, RC, SAF, XTT, ADV, APB-G, ZS, BLD and LKH contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. ADV conducted the statistical analysis. EBP, ATH, JAH and LKH supervised postgraduate students. EBP, ATH, RC and LKH drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and provided administrative, technical or material support. All authors approved the final manuscript. LKH and JAH had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
