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Article History

Received: 21 January 2026

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Acknowledgements

: The authors thank all the pregnant women who generously participated in this study and provided valuable samples, and all staff who collected clinical case data for this study and colleagues who guided ethical applications.

: The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive [ ] of the National Genomics Data Center [ ] (GSA: CRA033972), and are publicly accessible at .

: This work was supported by Hubei Province’s Major Scientific and Technological Project (2023BCA004) and a Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases – National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0532100).

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: YF and WD conceived and designed the study. YF and NL performed the data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. PS contributed to sample collection and data curation. MZ, WT, HY, JY, YC, JWa, XZ, XL, SW, LF, JWu and ZW participated in investigation and data curation. LF, JWu and SW provided clinical guidance and contributed to the interpretation. SW and WD contributed to obtaining funding. JWu, ZW and WD supervised the study and critically revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and approved the final version to be published. WD is responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.