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Authors
Gastaldelli, Amalia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-1651
Scoditti, Egeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-8487
Macedo, Maria Paula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-0275
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council (101080329)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0087/2020)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/Multi/04462/2020)
Innovative Health Initiative (101132946)
Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 20 June 2026
Funding
: Open access funding provided by Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR) within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. Work in the authors’ laboratories is supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme for the project ‘PAS GRAS: De-risking metabolic, environmental and behavioral determinants of obesity in children, adolescents and young adults’ (n. 101080329) (to AG and MPM); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia – iNOVA4Health (UIDB/Multi/04462/2020) and LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory (LA/P/0087/2020) (to MPM); and the Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme (IHI JU) for the project ‘GRIPonMASH: Global Research Initiative for Patient screening on MASH’ (n. 101132946) (to AG). The IHI JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and COCIR, Efpia, EuropaBio, MedTech Europe, Vaccines Europe and Mercodia Aktiebolag, Metadeq Limited and Julius Clinical Research BV. This review reflects the authors’ views only and does not necessarily reflect those of the aforementioned parties; none of the aforementioned parties can be held responsible for them.
: AG is a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrigal and Novo Nordisk; and has received educational grants from Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens and Mercodia. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: AG conceived and wrote the first draft of the manuscript with inputs from MPM and ES. All authors were responsible for reviewing the article critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the version to be published.
