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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 12 May 2026

First Online: 16 July 2026

Ethics

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank F. Battiato, D. M. Méndez Cárdenas and M. Varadinova, members of the Clinical Research Center (CRC) at the Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ). The authors also thank T. van de Weijer, Department of Radiology of the Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht UMC+.

Data availability: This article reviews only data extracted from published sources in the public domain.

Funding: The authors are supported by the German Diabetes Center (DDZ), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG, Berlin, Germany) and the Ministry of Culture and Science of Northrhine-Westphalia (MKW-NRW, Düsseldorf, Germany) and as a multicentre study now receives additional funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Berlin, Germany) through the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD).

Authors’ relationships and activities: VS-H is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

Contribution statement: Both authors drafted the manuscript. Both authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version for publication.