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Authors
de Beaufort, Carine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-6799
James, Steven https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-9206
Weissberg-Benchell, Jill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-6337
Gomber, Apoorva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-9917
Cudizio, Laura
Maruthur, Nisa M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-104X
Lyons, Sarah K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-0112
Snoek, Frank https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-6762
Ng, Sze May https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-0541
Araszkiewicz, Aleksandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-6099
Hagström Toft, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-445X
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 14 September 2026
Ethics
Acknowledgements: The working group would like to thank S. DeLacey, J. Papadakis (Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, USA) and H. Stuckey-Peyrot (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA) who kindly assisted with the systematic review. The working group would also like to thank the Delphi survey panellists who kindly provided their time and valuable input.
Data availability: The data that support the systematic review and Delphi survey are available on request. Data that support the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals and of people with diabetes and their caregivers are not available based on ethical approval constraints.
Funding: This work was not supported by any sponsor or funder, except for support from the EASD for a working group meeting in Florence, Italy, on 5 March 2024.
Authors’ relationships and activities: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
Contribution statement: All authors were involved in conceptualisation, methodology, project administration and writing (review and editing). Formal data analysis was undertaken by JW-B (systematic review), SJ (perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals, people with diabetes and their caregivers, and the Delphi survey) and LC (perceptions and experiences of people with diabetes and their caregivers). All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
