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Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 4 June 2026

First Online: 28 August 2026

Ethics

Acknowledgements: We thank the HEDIMED Investigator group for their support of this research [ ].

Data availability: Because of data protection legislation, the authors are not permitted to make data available to others. However, the same data can be made available to researchers by applying independently to the data owners. This requires submitting applications via (data from SSB) and (all other data; registries managed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health). Acceptance requires approval from the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Norway and compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation.

Funding: Open access funding provided by University of Oslo (incl Oslo University Hospital). This project was funded by the Research council of Norway (Oslo, Norway) (project no. 271555/F20) and the Medical Student Research Program at University of Oslo (Oslo, Norway), as well as from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 874864 (HEDIMED).

Authors’ relationships and activities: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

Contribution statement: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the work. KS contributed to the acquisition of data. MÖ performed the analyses with input from co-authors, and drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of data and edited, reviewed and approved the final version to be published. MÖ and KS are responsible for the integrity of this work as a whole.