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Article History

Received: 18 November 2025

Accepted: 25 June 2026

First Online: 16 September 2026

Ethics

Acknowledgements: We acknowledge R. Bannuru, K. Balapattabi, N. El-Sayed, S. Challa SivaKanaka and R. Kalyani (ADA) and P. Niemann, M. Schönke, L. Rother, N Buckley-Muehge, M. Meireles and M. Osadolor (EASD), the Committee for Clinical Affairs and Board of the EASD and the Professional Practice Committee of the ADA for their coordination, guidance and support throughout the development process. We also acknowledge those who responded to the public consultation and thank the peer reviewers for their thoughtful input and valuable feedback, which helped strengthen the report. Finally, we acknowledge A. Jones (University of Exeter, Exeter, UK) for his invaluable and tireless help with Section , ‘Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes’. MSK and JP are editors of Diabetes Care but were not involved in any of the decisions regarding review of the manuscript or its acceptance.

Data availability: No new data were created or analysed in this article. All data supporting the findings of this consensus report are available within the article and its electronic supplementary material, or from the references cited within the article.

Funding: The report was jointly commissioned and funded by the ADA and EASD. The authors did not receive any payment for their involvement in the writing group.

Authors’ relationships and activities: RIGH has received honoraria for speaker engagements from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Encore, Liberum, Novo Nordisk and ROVI Pharma and consultancy fees from Spotlight-AQ. JHD has served on an advisory board for Liom and was on a speaker’s bureau for Novo Nordisk. He is a consultant for Gan & Lee. AH-F is a member of the ADA Board of Directors, editor of ADCES in Practice and an auditor for the ADA’s Education Recognition Program. She is a participant in a speaker’s bureau for Abbott Diabetes Care and Xeris. She is also a member of Xeris’s advisory board. IBH receives industry research funding from COUR Pharma and Tandem. He is a consultant for Roche and Abbott Diabetes Care. TK has served on advisory boards for Abbott, Ascensia, Bioton, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Roche, Sanofi and Ypsomed. He has received research funding from Medtronic and is a participant in speakers’ bureaus for Abbott, Ascensia, Bioton, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi and Servier. KN receives research funding from, is a member of the advisory board for and is a stockholder in Novo Nordisk. She is an advisory board member for Medtronic, Tandem, Convatec and Abbott Diabetes Care and receives research funding from Dexcom, Medtronic and Zealand Pharma. JP is a consultant to Sanofi, Novo Nordisk and Kriya therapeutics. ER serves on the advisory board for Abbott, Air Liquide SI, Dexcom, Insulet, Sanofi, Roche, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly and has received research support from Dexcom and Tandem. JSS is a member of the board of directors for Elvinix and SAB-BIO. He has been an advisor and consultant to 4Immune, AbbVie, Abvance, ActoBiotics, Adocia, AiTA, AstraZeneca, Avotres, Bayer, BiomeaFusion, COUR Pharmaceuticals, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, ICON, Immuthera, Inhale Biologics, Integrated Nanotherapeutics, i2o Inc, Kriya Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Oramed, Regor, Remedy Plan, Respond Health, Sanofi, Signos, Structure Therapeutics, Vertex, vTv and WiNK. He is a shareholder or option holder in 4Immune, Abvance, AiTA, Avotres, Dexcom, Elvinix, Oramed SAB-BIO, Signos, vTv and WiNK. FJS is a consultant for Abbott, Eli Lilly, Sanofi and Novo Nordisk and serves on the speakers’ bureaus for Abbott, and Sanofi. He has received research funding from Sanofi and Novo Nordisk. RSW has received research funding from Eli Lilly, Tandem, Insulet, Diasome, DEKA Research and Development Corp/Sequel Med Tech, MannKind and Amgen. ALP serves on the advisory board for Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Medscape. She has received research support from Abbott Diabetes Care, Insulet and Zucara. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

Contribution statement: RIGH and ALP were co-chairs for the consensus statement writing group. AH-F, IBH, MSK, JP, JSS and RSW were the writing group members for the ADA. JHD, TK, BL, KN, ER and FJS were the writing group members for the EASD. All authors were responsible for drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All authors approved the version to be published.