Mathew, S. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3790-3274
Lund, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8220
Seward, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-9437
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH095699)
Article History
Received: 22 May 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 5 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The AFFIRM-SA trial was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institutes of Health (award number U19MH095699). The content and views expressed is solely that of the authors and does not represent the views of the National Institute of Mental Health.
: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Ethical approval for the AFFIRM-SA project was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences (HREC Ref: 226/2011) and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board. Participants gave informed consent for the secondary use of data, with data being anonymised. Ethical approval for this secondary analysis was provided by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (Project ID: 25790).