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Authors
Ali, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-6897
Alyousef, Dimah Saleh Abdulaziz
Ahmed, Marei
Grifa, Dhahiba
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU-DDRSP2501)
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Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest that may have influenced the research reported in this paper
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Psychological and Educational Research in Libya the reference number MMST/25/1/24. The study adhered to the ethical guidelines set forth by the committee, ensuring that participants' rights, confidentiality, and well-being were protected throughout the research process. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.
