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Authors
Costa, Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-2092
Horn, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-8016
Massag, Janka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-0593
Purschke, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-0882
Kluttig, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-9938
Führer, Amand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-5692
Mikolajczyk, Rafael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-7204
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for the NAKO study was obtained from all local ethics committees of the 18 study centres. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (in the current, revised version), with the exception that the study was not registered before the recruitment started.
: All participants provided written informed consent.
: This analysis was supported by internal institutional funding. The NAKO is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [project funding reference numbers: 01ER1301A/B/C, 01ER1511D, 01ER1801A/B/C/D and 01ER2301A/B/C], federal states of Germany and the Helmholtz Association, the participating universities and the institutes of the Leibniz Association.
