Frost, Allison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-7687
Shartle, Kaitlin
Escobar Carias, Michelle
Haight, Sarah C.
Gallis, John A.
Kachoria, Aparna G.
Bibi, Amina
Gupta, Sugandh
Hagaman, Ashley
Bhalotra, Sonia
Baranov, Victoria
Turner, Elizabeth L.
Chaudhry, Nasim
Rahman, Atif
Sikander, Siham
Maselko, Joanna
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075875)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH95687)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132367)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32-HS000032)
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was granted from the institutional review boards at the Human Development Research Foundation, Duke University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, or witnessed verbal informed consent if the participant was illiterate.