Fung, Hong Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-2173
Lam, Stanley Kam Ki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-795X
Lay, Celinene M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-6292
Cheung, Cherry Tin Yan
Reyes, Marc Eric S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-1315
Jaya, Edo S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-6312
Mukhtar, Firdaus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-6929
Lian, Amos En Zhe https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1057-0861
Derin, Görkem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-3110
Bengwasan, Peejay D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-1659
Kuriala, Georgekutty Kochuchakkalackal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-0884
Uludag, Kadir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-4670
Hartanto, Steffi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-3210
Dewantary, Nimaz Indryastuti https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1977-925X
Novrianto, Riangga https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3662-7365
Li, Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-9190
Wong, Ming Yu Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-8898
Huang, Shan-yan
Zatopek, Audrey
Chien, Wai Tong
Yuan, Guangzhe Frank
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 12 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: None.
: All participants provided online written informed consent before participation. The two studies reported in this study obtained ethical approval from the institutional review board at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Leshan Normal University, respectively.
: GFY and HWF contributed to the design of the International Female Mental Health Survey Project. HWF and WTC contributed to the design of the International Dissociative Depression Survey Project. HWF contributed to the conceptualization of this study, conducted data analysis, and prepared the first draft. HWF, GFY, MESR, ESJ, FM, AEZL, GD, PDB, GKK, KU, SH, NID, RN, SKKL collected data for this study. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.