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Authors
Priebe, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-3394
Fung, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-6930
Brusco, Luis Ignacio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-8686
Diez-Canseco, Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-8190
Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-5384
Araya, Ricardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-5148
Carbonetti, Fernando Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-9665
Godoy-Casasbuenas, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-6436
Kirkbride, James B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-0824
Morgan, Craig https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-2369
Niño-Torres, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-9107
Olivar, Natividad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-6865
Sureshkumar, Diliniya Stanislaus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-3321
Toyama, Mauricio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-357X
Uribe-Restrepo, José Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-7886
Vilela-Estrada, Ana Lucia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-465X
Bassett, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-4563
Bird, Victoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2053-7679
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2026
Accepted: 12 August 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: Dr Araya reported receiving personal fees from the Inter-American Development Bank and Otsuka separate to the submitted work. Professor Morgan was the Editor-in-Chief of the Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology journal. No further interests were declared relevant to the content of this article.
Ethical approvals: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional, national and international committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. The original study protocol and the additional 24-month follow-up were approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of Universidad de Buenos Aires (dated 2 October 2020; ref. EX-2023-01047044), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (ref. FM-CIE-1138-20; ref. FM-CIE-0612-23), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Certificate 581-33-20; Certificate E-027-03-23) and the Research Ethics Committee of Queen Mary, University of London (ref. QMERC2020/02; date of non-objection 22 August 2023).
Consent to participate: Written informed consent was obtained from participants aged 18 years and older, or assent from 15 to 16 years olds with written informed consent from their parent or legal guardian.
