Article History
Received: 20 August 2023
Accepted: 27 November 2023
First Online: 19 December 2023
Declarations
:
: CS reports grants from the German Research Society, the German Aerospace Center, the Einstein FoundationBerlin, the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), the Project Man- agement Agency, the Non-Profit Society Promoting Science and Education, the European Society of Anaes- thesiology and Intensive Care, Baxter Deutschland GmbH, Cytosorbents Europe GmbH, Edwards Life- sciences Germany GmbH, Fresenius Medical Care, Grünenthal GmbH, Masimo Europe Ltd., Pfizer Pharma PFE GmbH, Georg Thieme Verlag, Dr. F. Köhler Chemie GmbH, Sintetica GmbH, Philips Healthcare, Stiftung Charité, AGUETT ANT Deutschland GmbH, AbbVie DeutschlandGmbH & Co. KG, Amomed Pharma GmbH, ln Touch Health, Copra System GmbH, Correvio GmbH, Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der ERONA2019-2021 Wissenschaften e.V., the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie & lntensivmedizin (DGAI) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, outside the submitted work. AL reports personal fees from Avanos Medical, Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Dr. Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH, Hill-Rom Holdings and Philips Healthcare outside the submitted work. AL reports grants from Philips Healthcare, Dr. Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH and Zum- tobel Group AG outside the submitted work which was paid into departmental funds. CS (inventor) and AL (inventor) report issued patents related to the submitted work: European Patent 3 174 589 from 31 July 2015, EuropeanPatent 3 174 588 from 31 July 2015 and US Patent US 2017/0224950 A1 from 10 Aug 2017. LK is supported by a VENI fellowship from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw (grant number 2020—09150161910128). LK has no competing interests to disclose.