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Article History

Received: 4 December 2023

Accepted: 21 March 2024

First Online: 2 May 2024

Declarations

:

: Neither the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario, ICES, nor CIHI had any role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

: SMF, RT and PT had full access to the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. See electronic supplement for details on access to data.

: SMF, DQ, RT, SNV, LHS, SvD, SP, PDS, OJB, DCS, MSH, HT, BH and RM have no conflicts to report. DIMcI is supported by a Clinical Research Chair at the University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Anesthesia Alternate Funds Association, and a Mid-Career Knowledge Translation award from Physician Services Inc. KK reports receiving personal fees from Edwards Life Sciences, outside of the submitted work. EF reports receiving personal fees from ALung Technologies, Aerogen, Baxter, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GE Healthcare, Inspira, and Vasomune, outside of the submitted work. DMN reports financial or in-kind support for consultancy or research from Baxter Healthcare Corporation, and Reck Medical Devices, outside of the submitted work. DB receives research support from and consults for LivaNova. He has been on the medical advisory boards for Xenios, Medtronic, Inspira and Cellenkos. AC reports receiving personal fees from Getinge, Baxter, and Xenios, outside of the submitted work. ASS reports consulting for Baxter International Inc. and Xenios. PT is supported by a Physician Services Incorporated Graham Farquharson Knowledge Translation Fellowship.