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Article History

Accepted: 21 April 2025

First Online: 5 May 2025

Declarations

:

: BF, ML, PFL and RF were members of the ASTONISH study steering committee. BF reports personal fees for consulting from Inotrem, Eagle and Enlivex outside of the submitted work and support for attending a meeting from Inotrem. PFL reports consulting fees from Adrenomed and Inotrem outside of the submitted work. RF reports personal fees from Inotrem, during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Shionogi, Pfizer, MSD, Thermofisher, Menarini, Cytosorbent, Gilead, Viatris, AOP and Grifols outside of the submitted work. DA reports consulting agreement with Inotrem outside of the submitted work. ML reports receiving a grant (1R01HL162954-01) outside of the submitted work. RF is Deputy Editor of the Intensive Care Medicine journal.

: The trial procedures and the informed consent form process were approved by the respective independent ethics committees following international standards, the national requirements of each participating country and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study was registered in the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT number 2018-004827-36) and with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04055909.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.