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Article History

Received: 13 September 2025

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Giuseppe Citerio reports receiving research grants from Neuroptics and Integra, as well as personal fees from both companies for consultancy and participation in lectures or educational events. Giorgia Carra and Geert Meyfroidt declare no commercial conflicts of interest. The views expressed are solely those of the authors. The ICMJE Disclosure Form has been completed.

: This article does not report on primary data collected from human participants. All data cited and discussed are derived from previously published studies with appropriate ethical approval. No new patient data were collected or analysed for this manuscript, and ethics approval was therefore not required.

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