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First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: SJ received consultant fees from Mindray, Fisher-Paykel, Baxter, Fresenius, Medtronic and Drager. IL received fees from presentations from Viatris and AOP Health. TG receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense, and Ceribell and served previously on an advisory board for Lungpacer Medical Inc. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. SJ is the Editor in Chief of Intensive Care Medicine. He has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
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