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Article History

Received: 11 December 2025

Accepted: 26 January 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

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: EJGB reports honoraria from Abbott Products Operations, aBionic, bioMérieux, Biotest AG, Brahms GmbH, InflaRx GmbH and Sobi (paid to the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); independent educational grants from Abbott Products Operations, bioMérieux Inc., MSD, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB; and funding from the Horizon 2020 European Grants ImmunoSep and RISCinCOVID and the Horizon Health grants EPIC-CROWN-2, POINT and Homi-Lung (paid to the Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis); and grants from AbbVie, InCyte, Sanofi, UCB (paid to the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens). MB reports research grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) and the EU. His department received funding for clinical trials from Roche, Solvamed GmbH and BioAegis Therapeutics. MB received honoraria for lectures and consulting fees from Artcline GmbH, BRAHMS (ThermoFisher), Bayer AG, Volition, Hillrom Iberia (Baxter), DiaSorin Deutschland GmbH and Deepull Diagnostics. MB is co-owner of several patents (WO 2017041782 A1, WO 2015035974 A1, DE 102006027842 A1, WO 2012013247 A1, WO 2011080184 A1), co-applicant for a pending patent on biomarkers for the prognosis of CAP, and shareholder in SmartDyeLivery GmbH. TS is an employee of, and shareholder in, Inflammatix, Inc.

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